This profile aggregates publicly documented information and makes no unsubstantiated claims about motive or character.

S

Stonehenge

archaeological orgstandard

A 1:12 scale model of Stonehenge in its original complete configuration demonstrated enhanced sound, improved speech intelligibility within the circle, and acoustic isolation from the outside, contributing to archaeoacoustic debate about intentional design.

Overview

Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located on Salisbury Plain in England, constructed in phases from approximately 3100 BC to 1600 BC. It is not a modern institution, and lacks founders, a stated mission, or organizational structure. The earliest phase involved the creation of a circular ditch and bank around 3000 BC, while the iconic stone circle was erected around 2500 BC. The site's purpose remains debated, with theories suggesting ritual, astronomical, or territorial significance.

Notable figures who have contributed to the understanding of Stonehenge include antiquarians like John Aubrey and William Stukeley, who documented the site in the 17th and 18th centuries, and archaeologists like William Flinders Petrie and William Gowland, who conducted surveys and excavations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Controversies surrounding Stonehenge include debates over who built it (Roman vs. native/Druid builders) and the exact roles of Neolithic farmers and Bell Beaker people. Today, the site is managed by English Heritage, a charitable trust responsible for its preservation and research.

controversies

Historical Controversies and Interpretations

Throughout history, there have been various controversies surrounding the origins and builders of Stonehenge.

  • In the 17th and 18th centuries, Inigo Jones attributed the monument to the Romans, while John Aubrey and William Stukeley believed it was built by Druids.
  • Modern debates involve the roles of Neolithic farmers and Bell Beaker people in the construction of the sarsen stones.
  • Stability issues have also arisen, such as the trilithon that was straightened in 1901 after a sarsen fall. A medieval Saxon burial on the site involved a decapitated man, potentially a criminal.
  • >"Roman vs. native/Druid builders (Jones vs. Aubrey/Stukeley, 17th–18th centuries)...Neolithic farmers vs. Bell Beaker builders for sarsens (debated via genetics; c. 2300 BC)."

    Key Programs & Events

    founding3000

    Construction of Circular Ditch and Bank

    The earliest phase of Stonehenge, involving the creation of a circular ditch and bank.

    Quick Facts

    Type

    archaeological org

    Transparency

    standard

    Status

    Active

    Wikipedia →